Чтение и письмо: два текста и запись (сопоставление и отсылки)
Слова урока · 4
- synthesis /ˈsɪnθəsɪs/синтез, сведение
- draw on /ˈdrɔː ɒn/опираться на
- appendix /əˈpendɪks/приложение (к документу)
- executive summary /ɪɡˌzekjətɪv ˈsʌməri/краткое резюме (для руководства)
Фразы урока · 2
- A synthesis is more than a summary of each — draw on all three, not just the one you like.Синтез — больше, чем резюме каждого; опирайтесь на все три, а не только на тот, что нравится.
- Put the source table in an appendix; the executive summary is five lines.Поместите таблицу источников в приложение; краткое резюме — пять строк.
Текст: «Материалы проекта: два текста и расшифровка записи»
TEXT A — Council usage report (extract, March)
The library recorded 61,000 visits last year, down 8 % on the previous year. Saturday is the busiest day (18 % of visits); the building is closed on Sundays. A survey of 412 users in January found that 44 % would «probably» or «definitely» visit on a Sunday if the library were open, with the strongest demand among families with children under ten (61 %). The survey was conducted inside the library, and therefore excludes non-users. Opening on Sundays (10 am–4 pm) would cost an estimated £38,000 a year in staffing and utilities.
TEXT B — Letter to the local paper from the Friends of the Library (April)
The council's figures tell half the story. Visits are down because opening hours were cut in 2023 — the library now closes at 5 pm on weekdays, which excludes anyone who works. Sunday opening would help families, but the real gap is evenings. Our own straw poll at the Saturday market — 130 people, mostly not library members — found that two-thirds wanted later weekday hours and only a quarter wanted Sundays. We would support Sunday opening only if it did not come at the expense of restoring at least two late evenings, which the Friends would help to staff with volunteers.
RECORDING — interview with the branch manager (transcript, May)
«Sundays would be lovely, and the family demand is real — I see it on Saturdays. But I have to be honest about two things. First, the £38,000 assumes we hire; if we moved existing staff to Sundays, the cost would be nearer £15,000 but weekday cover would suffer. Second, the survey was of people already inside the building. The people we've lost since 2023 are the evening users, and nobody has asked them anything. If you asked me for one change with the money we have, I'd reopen Tuesday and Thursday until 8 pm before I opened a single Sunday. If you asked me for the change that would make the biggest headline, it's Sundays.»
Задание
Напишите проектное предложение (proposal, 260–300 слов) для библиотечного комитета по вопросу «Sunday opening or later evenings?»: краткое резюме (executive summary, до пяти строк); ТЗ и цель (the brief; the aim is to … by …); карта источников с указанием, основанием, датой и интересом (Text A reports … on the basis of …; the Friends' straw poll …; the manager …; vested interest; first-hand); сопоставление на одной основе (both … whereas …; the discrepancy is explained by …; like for like; the two cost figures are not on the same basis); свой вывод отдельно от источников (in my assessment; on this evidence I conclude; I would go further than / not as far as; the sources do not say); рекомендация с ограничениями и действиями (it should be noted that; admittedly; risk → mitigation; actions with owner and date; stopping rule). Таблицу источников — в приложение (упомянуть).
Образец ответа
Proposal: evening opening before Sunday opening
Executive summary. All three sources agree that family demand for Sundays is real; two of the three indicate that the larger unmet demand is for weekday evenings. This proposal recommends restoring two late evenings first, with a Sunday trial to follow if the evening change meets its target.
Brief and aim. The brief asked whether the library should open on Sundays. The aim of this proposal is to raise annual visits by at least 5 % within twelve months at a cost below £20,000.
Sources. Text A (council report, March) reports 61,000 visits, down 8 %, and, on the basis of a survey of 412 users, that 44 % would visit on Sundays. It should be noted that the survey was conducted inside the library and excludes non-users. Text B (Friends of the Library, April) reports, on the basis of a straw poll of 130 mostly non-members, that two-thirds want later evenings; the Friends have a vested interest in evening opening, which they have offered to staff. The manager (interview, May) is first-hand: she attributes the fall in visits to the 2023 cut in evening hours and would restore Tuesday and Thursday evenings before any Sunday.
Comparison. The two surveys are not like for like — users inside the building against non-members at a market — and the discrepancy between 44 % and a quarter is explained by that difference rather than by either being wrong. Nor are the two cost figures on the same basis: £38,000 assumes hiring, £15,000 assumes redeployment at the expense of weekday cover.
Conclusion. In my assessment, the evening evidence is weaker in sample but stronger in relevance, since it reaches the users the library has lost. On this evidence I conclude that evenings should come first; I would not go as far as the Friends in making Sundays conditional on evenings for ever. The sources do not say how many lost evening users would return — that is the gap the first action addresses.
Actions. 1. Reopen Tuesday and Thursday until 8 pm from September (owner: branch manager; cost about £12,000, with Friends' volunteers). 2. Count visits monthly; milestone: December. 3. Stopping rule: if evening visits are below 150 a week by March, end the evenings and put the money towards a Sunday trial instead. Admittedly, the risk is that both fail; mitigation: the source table and both cost bases are in the appendix for the committee to revisit.
lightbulbПроектное предложение по трём материалам: executive summary → brief, aim → карта источников (attribution, basis, date, interest, caveat) → сопоставление на одной основе → свой вывод (in my assessment, on this evidence, not as far as, the sources do not say) → actions с owner, milestone, stopping rule, risk → mitigation; таблица — в appendix.
Закрепите урок: упражнения со словами, фразами и грамматикой с проверкой и повторением.