Лишнее действие (needn't have и didn't need to)
Слова урока · 10
- needn't have /ˈniːdnt əv/зря (сделал
- didn't need to /ˈdɪdnt niːd tə/не нужно было (и не делал)
- there was no need to /ðeə wəz ˌnəʊ ˈniːd tə/не было необходимости
- unnecessary /ʌnˈnesəsəri/ненужный
- a waste of time /ə ˌweɪst əv ˈtaɪm/пустая трата времени
- bother /ˈbɒðə/утруждаться
- duplicate /ˈdjuːplɪkeɪt/дублировать
- save /seɪv/сэкономить
- as it turned out /əz ɪt ˌtɜːnd ˈaʊt/как оказалось
- go to the trouble of /ˌɡəʊ tə ðə ˈtrʌbl əv/взять на себя труд
Лишнее действие и отсутствие необходимости: needn't have и didn't need to
Две формы, которые по-русски звучат почти одинаково, а по-английски означают разное. needn't have + 3-я форма — сделал, а не надо было (усилия потрачены зря). didn't need to + глагол — не было нужды (и обычно не делал). Разница — в том, произошло действие или нет.
| needn't have done | didn't need to do | |
|---|---|---|
| действие было? | да, сделал | обычно нет (или неважно) |
| смысл | зря потратил силы | не было необходимости |
| пример | You needn't have printed it — I read it on screen. | I didn't need to print it, so I didn't. |
| перевод | Зря ты распечатал. | Мне не нужно было печатать. |
| пример | We needn't have hurried — the meeting was cancelled. | We didn't need to hurry — we had plenty of time. |
Рядом стоящие формы
| форма | значение | пример |
|---|---|---|
| There was no need to + глагол | не было необходимости (нейтрально) | There was no need to apologise. |
| You shouldn't have bothered. | вежливо: «не стоило» (о подарке, услуге) | Flowers? You shouldn't have bothered! |
| It was unnecessary. · It was a waste of time. | оценка действия | The second meeting was unnecessary. |
| … would have saved us + время | что сэкономили бы | That would have saved us a week. |
| She went to the trouble of + -ing | взяла на себя труд | She went to the trouble of translating it — and, as it turned out, nobody read it. |
В рабочем разборе
| ситуация | фраза |
|---|---|
| два человека сделали одно и то же | We duplicated each other's work — one of us needn't have done it. |
| отчёт, который не читали | As it turned out, the client didn't read it, so we needn't have rushed. |
| вывод | In future, let's check what's actually needed before we start. |
Все формы рядом
| форма | сделали? | было нужно? | пример | перевод |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| needn't have + V3 | да | нет | You needn't have printed it — I read it on screen. | Зря распечатывал: я прочитал с экрана. |
| didn't need to + V1 | обычно нет | нет | I didn't need to print it, so I didn't. | Печатать не требовалось, и я не печатал. |
| had to + V1 | да | да | I had to print it for the meeting. | Мне пришлось распечатать для встречи. |
| should have + V3 | нет | да | I should have printed it. | Надо было распечатать. |
| didn't have to + V1 | неясно | нет | We didn't have to pay for parking. | Платить за парковку не пришлось. |
Ошибки новичков
| неверно | верно | правило |
|---|---|---|
| You needn't have printed it. | needn't без to; have + 3-я форма | |
| You didn't need to print it. | didn't need + to + 1-я форма | |
| You needn't have printed it. | mustn't have — не о необходимости | |
| It wasn't necessary to print it. / You needn't have. | проще — модальный |
Сравните с русским: «зря ты…», «не стоило» — needn't have; «не пришлось» — didn't need to / didn't have to. По-русски разницу передают слова, по-английски — форма глагола после need.
Нюансы
- needn't have — только с 3-й формой: needn't have printed;
needn't have print. - didn't need to может означать и «сделал, хотя не надо было», если контекст ясен, но безопаснее: не делал.
- needn't без have — о настоящем / будущем: You needn't come tomorrow (= don't have to).
- shouldn't have bothered — устойчивая вежливость при подарке; буквально «не стоило» — без упрёка.
push_pinneedn't have + 3-я форма — сделал зря (действие было); didn't need to + глагол — не было нужды (обычно не делал); there was no need to; unnecessary, a waste of time; would have saved us a week; went to the trouble of + -ing; as it turned out; shouldn't have bothered
Фразы урока · 7
- You needn't have printed it — I read it on screen.Зря ты распечатал — я прочитал на экране.
- I didn't need to print it, so I didn't.Мне не нужно было печатать, и я не печатал.
- There was no need to apologise.Не было необходимости извиняться.
- The second meeting was unnecessary — a waste of time.Второе совещание было ненужным — пустой тратой времени.
- We duplicated each other's work; that would have saved us a week.Мы дублировали работу друг друга; это сэкономило бы нам неделю.
- As it turned out, the client didn't read it — you shouldn't have bothered.Как оказалось, клиент это не читал — не стоило утруждаться.
- She went to the trouble of translating it.Она взяла на себя труд перевести это.
lightbulbneedn't have done — сделал зря (действие было); didn't need to do — не было нужды (обычно не делал). Рядом: there was no need to, a waste of time, would have saved us a week.
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