make the most of /ˌmeɪk ðə ˈməʊst əv/взять максимум от
the worst part /ðə ˌwɜːst ˈpɑːt/самое худшее
it was the first time /ɪt wəz ðə ˌfɜːst ˈtaɪm/это было впервые
by the time /baɪ ðə ˈtaɪm/к тому времени, как
the reason was that /ðə ˈriːzn wəz ðət/причина была в том, что
in the end /ɪn ði ˈend/в конце концов
Сводка B1: рассказ о событии и его причине
Рассказ о событии на B1 держится на трёх вещах: порядок (at first → then → all of a sudden → in the end), времена (Past Simple для цепочки событий, Past Continuous для фона, Past Perfect для «ещё раньше», used to для прежних привычек) и причина (because, so, the reason was that). Плюс оценка: the best / worst part was …
шаг
обороты
пример
завязка
Last summer … · A couple of years ago … · It was the first time I'd …
Two years ago we went to Scotland. It was the first time I'd seen the mountains.
фон
We were + -ing … · It was raining …
We were driving along the coast when …
поворот
All of a sudden, … · Suddenly … · Then …
All of a sudden, the car broke down.
причина
… because … · The reason was that … · That's why …
The reason was that we'd run out of petrol.
развязка
In the end, … · Luckily, … · By the time we …, … had …
In the end, a farmer helped us. By the time we got to the hotel, dinner had finished.
оценка
The worst part was … · The best part was … · It was memorable / unexpected.
The worst part was the cold; the best part was completely unexpected.
Времена рассказа
время
роль
пример
Past Simple
цепочка событий
We stopped, got out and waited.
Past Continuous
фон, «в это время»
It was getting dark while we were waiting.
Past Perfect
раньше другого прошлого
By the time help came, we had waited two hours.
used to
прежняя привычка
I used to hate long drives.
Present Perfect
итог к сегодня
I've never forgotten that day.
Причина и следствие в рассказе
связка
пример
because + предложение
We were late because the train was cancelled.
, so + следствие
The train was cancelled, so we took a taxi.
The reason was that …
The reason was that our train was cancelled.
because of + сущ.
We were late because of the snow.
Времена рассказа: сводная таблица форм
время
роль
форма
пример
Past Simple
цепочка событий
V2; didn't + V1; Did … V1?
I got on the train and fell asleep. I didn't hear the announcement.
Past Continuous
фон, что происходило
was / were + -ing
It was raining and everyone was rushing home.
Past Perfect
что случилось раньше
had + V3
When I woke up, the train had already left my station.
used to
как было раньше вообще
used to + V1
I used to take that train every day.
Present Simple
вывод, что теперь
V1 / V-s
Now I always set an alarm.
Причина в рассказе: связки рядом
связка
пример
перевод
because + предложение
I fell asleep because I'd worked a night shift.
Я уснул, потому что отработал ночную смену.
because of + сущ.
The train was late because of the snow.
Поезд опоздал из-за снега.
so — следствие
I missed my stop, so I had to take a taxi back.
Я проехал остановку, поэтому пришлось ехать назад на такси.
that's why — вывод
That's why I never sleep on trains now.
Вот почему теперь я не сплю в поездах.
as / since — причина в начале
As it was late, there were no buses.
Так как было поздно, автобусов не было.
Нюансы
It was the first time + Past Perfect: the first time I had seen the sea. С настоящим: It's the first time I've seen …
by the time + Past Simple, главная часть — Past Perfect: By the time we arrived, the show had started.
in the end — «в конце концов, после всего»; at the end of — «в конце чего-то»: at the end of the day.
Причина после события — самый естественный порядок: сначала «что», потом «почему».
push_pinпорядок: at first → all of a sudden → in the end; Past Simple — цепочка, Past Continuous — фон, Past Perfect — раньше (by the time …, it was the first time I'd …); причина: because, so, the reason was that; оценка: the worst / best part was, memorable, unexpected
Фразы урока · 7
It was the most memorable trip of my life.Это была самая запоминающаяся поездка в моей жизни.
All of a sudden, the lights went out.Внезапно погас свет.
The best part was completely unexpected.Лучшая часть была совершенно неожиданной.
We made the most of the last day.Мы взяли максимум от последнего дня.
It was the first time I'd seen the sea.Я тогда впервые увидел море.
By the time we arrived, the show had started — the reason was that our train was cancelled.К тому времени, как мы приехали, шоу уже началось — причина была в том, что наш поезд отменили.
The worst part was the six-hour wait. In the end, we took a taxi.Самым худшим было шестичасовое ожидание. В конце концов мы взяли такси.
lightbulbРассказ: завязка → фон (was + -ing) → поворот (all of a sudden) → причина (the reason was that) → развязка (in the end, by the time … had …) → оценка (the worst part was …).
Закрепите урок: упражнения со словами, фразами и грамматикой с проверкой и повторением.
