Этапы большого дела (времена в плане)
Слова урока · 10
- phase /feɪz/фаза, этап
- dependency /dɪˈpendənsi/зависимость (одно после другого)
- prerequisite /ˌpriːˈrekwəzɪt/предварительное условие
- on track /ɒn ˈtræk/по плану, в графике
- fall behind /ˌfɔːl bɪˈhaɪnd/отставать (от графика)
- ahead of schedule /əˌhed əv ˈʃedjuːl/с опережением графика
- in parallel /ɪn ˈpærəlel/параллельно
- set out /ˌset ˈaʊt/изложить, наметить
- timeline /ˈtaɪmlaɪn/график, временная шкала
- hinge on /ˈhɪndʒ ɒn/зависеть от (решающим образом)
Этапы большого дела: цели, зависимости и сроки
Большое дело раскладывают на фазы с вехами (milestones), указывая зависимости (что должно быть готово раньше — dependency, prerequisite, hinges on), что идёт параллельно (in parallel), и статус относительно графика: on track, ahead of / behind schedule, fallen behind. Времена — Future Perfect для вех, Future Continuous для параллельных процессов.
| элемент | слова | пример |
|---|---|---|
| структура | phase · stage · milestone · timeline · the plan sets out … | The project has three phases; the plan sets out five milestones. |
| зависимость | dependency · prerequisite for · hinge on · depends on · can't start until | Funding is a prerequisite for phase two. Everything hinges on the funding decision. |
| параллельно | in parallel · at the same time · alongside | Design and testing will run in parallel. |
| статус | on track · ahead of / behind schedule · fall behind (by …) · catch up | We're on track to finish in May. We've fallen behind by two weeks. |
Времена в плане
| что | форма | пример |
|---|---|---|
| веха к сроку | will have + 3-я ф. + by | By March we'll have completed the survey. |
| процесс в период | will be + -ing | In April we'll be testing the prototype. |
| зависимость | can't / won't … until · once … has … | We can't start phase two until the survey has been analysed. |
| последовательность | once / as soon as + Present Perfect | Once the funding has been confirmed, we'll hire two people. |
План — образец
| фаза | текст |
|---|---|
| 1 | Phase one — research — runs from January to March; by the end of March we'll have completed the survey. |
| 2 | Phase two hinges on funding, which is due in April. Once it has been confirmed, design and testing will run in parallel through the summer. |
| 3 | Phase three — launch — is set for September. The main dependency is the testing report, which has to be signed off by August. |
| статус | As things stand, we're on track; the risk is the funding decision. |
План проекта: формы по элементам
| элемент | оборот | пример | перевод |
|---|---|---|---|
| фазы | The project is divided into … phases / stages; Phase 1 involves + -ing | Phase 1 involves collecting data. | Первая фаза включает сбор данных. |
| вехи | The first milestone is + сущ.; is due + дата | The first milestone is the prototype, due in March. | Первая веха — прототип, срок март. |
| зависимости | X depends on Y; can't start until Y is + V3; once Y is + V3 | Testing can't start until the prototype is built. | Тестирование не начнётся, пока не будет собран прототип. |
| сроки | by + дата; within + срок; will have + V3 | By June we'll have completed testing. | К июню мы завершим тестирование. |
| ответственные | be in charge of; be responsible for; report to | Anna is in charge of phase 2. | За вторую фазу отвечает Анна. |
Времена в плане: сводка
| что | форма | пример |
|---|---|---|
| расписание фаз | Present Simple | Phase 2 starts in April. |
| что будет идти в момент | Future Continuous | In May we'll be testing. |
| результат к сроку | Future Perfect | By June we'll have finished. |
| условие последовательности | Present Simple после once / until / when | Once testing is complete, we'll launch. |
Ошибки новичков: depends from → depends on; Phase 1 involves to collect → involves collecting; until the prototype will be built → until the prototype is built.
Нюансы
- fall behind + by + срок: fallen behind by two weeks; behind schedule — без by.
- hinge on — сильнее, чем depend on: «всё держится на».
- После once / as soon as / until о будущем — Present Simple или Present Perfect, не will.
- Слово phase — о крупных частях; stage — о шагах внутри; milestone — точка проверки, не период.
push_pinструктура: phase, milestone, timeline, sets out; зависимость: dependency, prerequisite for, hinges on, can't start until; параллельно: in parallel; статус: on track, ahead of / behind schedule, fallen behind by …; вехи — will have done by; процессы — will be doing; once … has …
Фразы урока · 7
- The project has three phases, and the plan sets out five milestones.У проекта три фазы, и план намечает пять вех.
- The main dependency is the survey; funding is a prerequisite for phase two.Главная зависимость — опрос; финансирование — предварительное условие второй фазы.
- We're on track to finish in May.Мы идём по графику, чтобы закончить в мае.
- We've fallen behind by two weeks, but phase one finished ahead of schedule.Мы отстали на две недели, но первая фаза завершилась с опережением графика.
- Design and testing will run in parallel.Дизайн и тестирование будут идти параллельно.
- Is the timeline realistic?График реалистичен?
- Everything hinges on the funding decision.Всё зависит от решения о финансировании.
lightbulbПлан: phases и milestones → dependencies (prerequisite for, hinges on, can't start until … has …) → in parallel → статус (on track, behind schedule, fallen behind by …). Вехи — will have done by …
Закрепите урок: упражнения со словами, фразами и грамматикой с проверкой и повторением.