Сравниваем группы (доля, разница, сходство)
Слова урока · 10
- account for /əˈkaʊnt fɔː/составлять (долю), приходиться на
- make up /ˌmeɪk ˈʌp/составлять
- proportion /prəˈpɔːʃn/доля
- the gap between /ðə ˈɡæp bɪˌtwiːn/разрыв между
- twice as many as /ˌtwaɪs əz ˈmeni əz/вдвое больше, чем (исч.)
- respectively /rɪˈspektɪvli/соответственно
- in contrast /ɪn ˈkɒntrɑːst/напротив
- similarly /ˈsɪmələli/аналогично
- by far the largest /baɪ ˌfɑː ðə ˈlɑːdʒɪst/намного самый большой
- the same as /ðə ˈseɪm æz/такой же, как
Сравниваем группы: доля, разница и сходство
Таблица с несколькими группами требует сравнения: доля каждой (account for, make up, the proportion of), разница (the gap between, twice as many as, whereas, in contrast) и сходство (similarly, the same as, both). Числа двух групп удобно давать парой с respectively.
| что | обороты | пример |
|---|---|---|
| доля | X accounted for … · X made up … · the proportion of X · X represented … | The 16–24 group accounted for a third of visits. Women make up 58 % of members. |
| разница | twice as many X as Y · three times as much · X was higher / lower than Y · the gap between X and Y narrowed / widened | Twice as many men as women visited. The gap between the two groups narrowed. |
| противопоставление | …, whereas … · In contrast, … · by contrast · on the other hand | In contrast, the over-65s used it less. |
| сходство | Similarly, … · X was almost the same as Y · both … · a similar pattern | Similarly, rural areas showed a rise. The figure was almost the same as in 2019. |
| крайние | by far the largest / smallest · the highest / lowest figure | London was by far the largest market. |
| парные числа | X and Y …, respectively | The figures were 40 % and 25 % respectively. |
Доля — три формы
| форма | пример |
|---|---|
| X accounts for + доля + of + целое | Students account for a third of visits. |
| X makes up + доля + of + целое | Women make up 58 % of members. |
| the proportion of X + rose / fell + to | The proportion of over-65s rose to 20 %. |
Сравнение целиком — образец
| шаг | текст |
|---|---|
| крайние | The 16–24 group was by far the heaviest user, at just over four hours a day. |
| разница | That is twice as much as the over-65s, whose figure stood at two hours. |
| доля | Together, the two youngest groups accounted for roughly 60 % of total screen time. |
| динамика разрыва | The gap between the youngest and oldest groups narrowed slightly over the period. |
| сходство | Similarly, all three groups showed a rise in 2020, followed by a fall. |
Доля, разница, сходство: формы
| что | оборот | пример | перевод |
|---|---|---|---|
| доля | X accounts for / makes up + процент; the proportion of X is … | Cars account for 60 % of trips. Buses make up a fifth. | На машины приходится 60 % поездок. Автобусы составляют пятую часть. |
| разница | the gap between X and Y; X is + число + higher / lower than Y; twice as … as | Car use is three times higher than bus use. The gap between them widened. | Машиной пользуются втрое чаще, чем автобусом. Разрыв вырос. |
| сходство | similar to; roughly the same as; Both X and Y …; likewise | The figures for cycling are similar to those for walking. | Показатели велосипеда близки к показателям ходьбы. |
| ранг | the largest / the smallest share; followed by; at the bottom | Cars had the largest share, followed by buses. | Больше всего — машины, затем автобусы. |
| противопоставление | whereas / while; in contrast; compared to | Whereas car use rose, bus use fell. | Тогда как езда на машине выросла, автобусом стали ездить меньше. |
Доля: три формы одного факта
| форма | пример |
|---|---|
| глагол account for / make up | Cars account for 60 % of trips. |
| существительное proportion / share | The proportion of trips made by car is 60 %. |
| число + of + группа | Sixty per cent of trips are made by car. / Three in five trips … |
Ошибки новичков: accounts 60 % → accounts for; the gap among (двое) → the gap between; three times more higher → three times higher / three times as high as; Both cars and also buses → Both cars and buses.
Нюансы
- twice as many + исчисляемое; twice as much + неисчисляемое;
twice more than— не по-английски. - respectively — в конце предложения, после двух чисел в том же порядке, что и группы.
- account for — «составлять долю» и «объяснять» (тема о причинах); здесь — доля.
- Сравнивайте сопоставимое: доли с долями, абсолютные числа с абсолютными.
push_pinдоля: account for, make up, the proportion of; разница: twice as many / much as, the gap between … narrowed / widened, whereas, in contrast; сходство: similarly, the same as, both; крайние: by far the largest; пары чисел: … respectively
Фразы урока · 7
- The 16–24 group accounted for a third of visits.На группу 16–24 приходилась треть посещений.
- Women make up 58 % of members, and the proportion of over-65s rose.Женщины составляют 58 % членов, а доля людей старше 65 выросла.
- The gap between the two groups narrowed.Разрыв между двумя группами сократился.
- Twice as many men as women visited.Мужчин пришло вдвое больше, чем женщин.
- The figures were 40 % and 25 % respectively.Цифры были 40 % и 25 % соответственно.
- In contrast, the over-65s used it less; similarly, rural areas showed a rise.Напротив, люди старше 65 пользовались им меньше; аналогично, сельские районы показали рост.
- London was by far the largest market, and the figure was almost the same as in 2019.Лондон был намного самым большим рынком, а цифра была почти такой же, как в 2019 году.
lightbulbСравнение групп: accounted for a third (доля) → twice as many as / the gap between narrowed (разница) → in contrast / whereas → similarly / the same as (сходство) → 40 % and 25 % respectively.
Закрепите урок: упражнения со словами, фразами и грамматикой с проверкой и повторением.