Точный пересказ (сдвиг модальных глаголов)
Слова урока · 10
- insist /ɪnˈsɪst/настаивать
- point out /ˌpɔɪnt ˈaʊt/заметить, указать
- claim /kleɪm/утверждать
- mention /ˈmenʃn/упомянуть
- stress /stres/подчеркнуть
- concede /kənˈsiːd/признать (неохотно)
- had to /ˈhæd tə/должен был (must в косвенной речи)
- wording /ˈwɜːdɪŋ/формулировка
- tone /təʊn/тон
- in other words /ɪn ˌʌðə ˈwɜːdz/иными словами
Точный пересказ: сохраняем смысл и степень категоричности
Точный пересказ передаёт не только слова, но и силу: «попросил» ≠ «потребовал», «упомянул» ≠ «подчеркнул», «признал» ≠ «сказал». Глагол речи — инструмент точности: insist, stress, claim, point out, mention, concede. Плюс правила сдвига: must → had to, can → could, will → would; условные формы и would / could / might не меняются.
| сила | глагол | пример |
|---|---|---|
| настаивал | insist that / on + -ing | He insisted that the data was safe. |
| подчеркнул | stress that · emphasise that | She stressed that users could opt out. |
| утверждал (сомнение) | claim that | They claimed that nothing was stored. |
| заметил (факт) | point out that | She pointed out that the policy had changed. |
| упомянул (вскользь) | mention that | He mentioned that the app was free. |
| признал (неохотно) | concede that · admit that | The firm conceded that mistakes had been made. |
| нейтрально | say that · tell sb that · explain that | He said that we had to update. |
Сдвиг модальных глаголов
| прямая речь | косвенная | пример |
|---|---|---|
| must (обязанность) | had to | «You must update.» → He said we had to update. |
| must (вывод) | must (без изменений) | «It must be a scam.» → She said it must be a scam. |
| can · will · may | could · would · might | «Users can opt out.» → She stressed that users could opt out. |
| would · could · might · should | без изменений | «You should back up.» → He said I should back up. |
Одно высказывание — разная точность
| прямая речь | неточно | точно |
|---|---|---|
| «Look, I really think you must change the password today.» | He said I could change the password. | He urged me to change the password that day / insisted that I change it. |
| «Well, I suppose some data may be stored for a while.» | He said data was stored. | He conceded that some data might be stored for a while. |
| «By the way, the app's free.» | He stressed that the app was free. | He mentioned that the app was free. |
Сила глагола речи: шкала с переводом
| сила | глагол | модель | пример |
|---|---|---|---|
| упомянул | mention | mention (that) / mention + сущ. | He mentioned that the app was slow. |
| сказал | say / tell | say (that); tell + кого (that) | He said it was slow. |
| пожаловался | complain | complain (that) / complain about | He complained that it kept crashing. |
| подчеркнул | point out / stress / emphasise | + that | He pointed out that nobody had tested it. |
| потребовал | demand / insist | demand that; insist on + -ing | He demanded that it be fixed. |
| пригрозил | threaten | threaten to + V1 | He threatened to cancel the contract. |
| признал | admit | admit (that) / admit + -ing | She admitted forgetting the update. |
| отрицал | deny | deny (that) / deny + -ing | She denied ignoring the report. |
Модальные при пересказе: сдвиг
| прямая речь | косвенная | пример |
|---|---|---|
| will / can / may | would / could / might | «I can fix it.» → He said he could fix it. |
| must (обязанность) | had to | «You must reply.» → She said we had to reply. |
| should / could / would / might | без изменения | «You should test it.» → He said we should test it. |
Ошибки новичков: He complained me that → He complained to me that; She denied that she forgot → denied forgetting / denied that she had forgotten; He threatened that he cancels → threatened to cancel. Точность: «попросил» ≠ «потребовал» — asked ≠ demanded.
Нюансы
- insist on + -ing (о себе) / insist that + предложение: insisted on paying; insisted that we pay / should pay.
- claim в пересказе добавляет сомнение; если сомнения нет — say / state.
- Сдвиг времён можно не делать для общих истин и по-прежнему верных фактов: She pointed out that the policy has changed (и сейчас так).
- Пересказ с оценкой (in other words, she said no) допустим, если помечен как ваш вывод.
push_pinглагол речи = сила: insist / stress (сильно), claim (сомнение), point out (факт), mention (вскользь), concede / admit (неохотно), say (нейтрально); must → had to (обязанность), must (вывод) не меняется; can / will / may → could / would / might; would / could / should — без изменений; insist on -ing / that
Фразы урока · 7
- He insisted that the data was safe.Он настаивал, что данные в безопасности.
- She pointed out that the policy had changed.Она заметила, что политика изменилась.
- They claimed that nothing was stored, but he mentioned that the app was free.Они утверждали, что ничего не хранится, но он упомянул, что приложение бесплатное.
- She stressed that users could opt out.Она подчеркнула, что пользователи могут отказаться.
- The firm conceded that mistakes had been made.Фирма признала, что были допущены ошибки.
- He said we had to update the app — in other words, no choice.Он сказал, что нам нужно обновить приложение — иными словами, выбора нет.
- The exact wording matters — keep the tone of the original.Точная формулировка имеет значение — сохраняйте тон оригинала.
lightbulbПересказ точен, когда глагол речи передаёт силу: insisted / stressed ≠ mentioned ≠ conceded. Сдвиг: must → had to, can → could, will → would; would / should не меняются.
Закрепите урок: упражнения со словами, фразами и грамматикой с проверкой и повторением.