Путешествия и межкультурное общение

наблюдать: I noticed that …; спрашивать без оценки: is it usual / customary to …?, what's the etiquette for …?, would it be rude to …?; проверять: I assumed …, am I right in thinking …?, is that the done thing?; после ошибки: faux pas, out of habit, took it for granted

шкала просьбы: императив → Can you → Could you (possibly) → Would you mind + -ing → I was wondering if you could / Do you think you could / if it's not too much trouble; разрешение: Is it OK if I …? → Would you mind if I + Past Simple; подготовка: could I ask you a favour; ответы: go ahead, not at all, I'm afraid I can't

говорящий: what I meant was, by «…» I mean, to be clear, I didn't mean to, that came out wrong, no offence, I intended it as; слушающий: do you mean X or Y?, so you're saying …?, I didn't take it the wrong way, I got the wrong end of the stick

question tag: вспомогательный глагол главной части с обратным знаком (…, isn't it? doesn't it? didn't you? won't you? shall we? aren't I?); интонация ↘ (уверен) / ↗ (вопрос); …, right?; подтверждение: just to confirm, let me recap, go over, so you're saying, let me get this straight, if I've understood correctly, is that right?, on the same page

недоразумение: назвать без обвинений (there seems to have been a misunderstanding, got our wires crossed, lost in translation) → своя доля (I'm afraid I …, my fault, I should have checked) → решение (put it right, make up for, it's on me, would it help if) → закрыть (no harm done, smoothed things over)

регистр по адресату, ситуации и цене: casual (Hi, Can you, Cheers) — нейтрально (Hello, Could you, I'm afraid, Kind regards) — формально (Dear Mr, I would be grateful if, I regret to inform, Yours sincerely); hedging (I was wondering, perhaps, slightly); overly formal / too casual / short answers come across as rude; address, first-name terms, tone it down